Heres What I Know About Essay Topics Write

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Managing Conflict With Employees With Conflict And Improve...

Managing conflict with coworkers doesn t have to be difficult. In this article are eight simple rules that should both help you deal with conflict and improve your relationships at work. Rule 1: See conflict as an opportunity Your perception of conflict has a direct impact on how it plays out in your life. If you embrace conflict and see it as an opportunity to better a situation or a relationship, then you ll take on the challenge of seeing the confrontation through, regardless of how difficult it may be, because you know that the ultimate benefit of working through an issue will be worth it in the long run for both you and your working relationship with the other party. If, on the other hand, you distain conflict and would rather lie on a bed of sharp nails than address a problem with a coworker, you ll be more inclined to avoid it, mismanage it, or even deny its existence. In either case, your negative perception of conflict will prevent you from dealing with it effectively. Furthermore, avoiding conflict only makes it more likely that the issue will continue to be a source of contention with no end in sight. Keys: * Begin by breaking away from the following myths around conflict: a) Conflict is negative. b) Conflict is about winning and losing. c) Conflict, if left alone, will resolve itself. d) Conflict only impacts the parties in conflict. e) Your past determines how you handle conflict today. * The truth is, only you can determine what conflict means to you.Show MoreRelatedCompanies Must Mentor Relationships and Manage Conflicts Essay1172 Words   |  5 PagesManaging conflict and how it will undoubtingly affect the long-term success of your career. Understanding the five areas of the mentoring relationship becomes vital for all employees when effectively managing conflict. The next competency of leveraging diversity is just as important as being able to manage conflict. 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I see true leaders as great communicators with high moral standards that are not afraid of change and who continue to innovate, inspire, and empower everyone to improve or progress the group. As there are many leadership definitions, there are also various leadership styles. What stands out the most for me is transformational leadership. Burns (as cited by Crowell, 2011, pp. 81-82) described a transformational leaderRead MoreConflict Management in the Workplace1136 Words   |  5 PagesConflict Management Learning Team A: Dana Stinson, Timothy Bird, Sterling Richards, Diana Loutensock LDR/531 October 5, 2010 Richard Hartley, M.A. Conflict Management Training Program Our consulting firm, Conflict Professionals, specializes in training all levels of managers (executive, mid- and entry-level) in the art of managing conflict within their teams and organizations. What is conflict and how does it arise? Typically, it occurs when two or more people oppose one another because

Financial Accounting Report Policy on Stock Prices

Question: Discuss about the Financial Accounting Report for Policy on Stock Prices. Answer: Introduction The report studies the impact of profitability of the two companies on investor performance indicators selected in this report. The two companies are AstraZeneca Plc and GlaxoSmithKline Plc, which are one of the big non-financial companies. Both of these companies are listed on the London stock exchange and both are pharmaceutical companies. Some analysis would be done in the following sections relating to these companies that would help to understand their profitability and their performance indicator analysis as well (Warren, Reeve and Duchac 2013). Moreover, profitability between the two companies would be compared on investor performance ratios between the two companies. Balance Sheet cum Income Statement of the Two Companies AstraZeneca Plc and GlaxoSmithKline Plc from 2011 to 2014 AstraZeneca GlaxoSmithKline 2014 2013 2012 2011 2014 2013 2012 2011 Net Sales 26095 25711 27973 33591 23006 26505 26431 27387 COGS 5842 5261 6026 5393 7323 8585 7925 7332 Operating Profit 2137 3712 8148 12795 3597 7028 7392 7807 Gross Profit 20253 20450 21947 28198 15683 17920 18506 20055 Operating Expenses 787 595 970 777 12086 10892 11145 12248 Preferred Dividends 0 482 323 312 0 0 0 0 Current Assets 16697 20335 19048 23506 14678 15227 13692 16167 Current Liabilities 17330 16051 13903 15752 13295 13677 13815 15010 Total Assets 58595 55899 53534 52830 40651 42086 41475 41080 Total Liabilities 38949 32646 29588 29358 33715 34274 35665 33048 Shareholder's Equity 19646 23253 23946 23472 4936 7812 5810 8032 Net Income 1249 3267 7646 12367 2756 5436 4565 5261 Weighted Average Share Common Outstanding Shares 1263 1257 1261 1361 2404 2416 2456 2514 Price Per Share 32.185 29.78 29.09 29.75 13.76 16.1 13.55 14.65 Annual Dividends per share 280 280 280 280 800 800 740 750 The balance sheet and income statement of both the companies have combined for the relevance of the calculation of profitability and key performance indicators. Nevertheless, after looking at the balance sheet and income statement, it can be deciphered that the both the pharmaceutical industries show same level of values across years but 2014 shows a dip in values. This may be due to the change in culture and strategies. Profitability Analysis of the Companies Profitability analysis means the analysis of the profit earning capacity of the companies based on the recent results (Grant 2015). The discussion of profitability of these companies would be analyzed in a systemized way. However, the best ways to analyze the profitability are effectively recorded by net profit margin, gross profit margin, operating profit margin and return on assets. Profitability Ratios Formula Net Profit Margin Net Income/Net Sales Operating Profit Margin Net Income - COGS -operating expenses/ Net Sales ROA (Return on Assets) Net Income/ Average Total Assets Gross Profit Margin Net Income-COGS/ Net Sales Table 1 Profitability Ratios AstraZeneca Plc It is a British-Swedish pharmaceutical company. It has its headquarters in London, in the United Kingdom. It is also a multinational company and the seventh largest pharmaceutical company in the world measured by the sales of prescription drugs, in the year 2012. This company has its operations across 100 countries (Astrazeneca.co.uk 2016). It has manifested its strong existence in market by working on drugs aligned with respiratory, inflammation, autoimmune, cardiovascular, metabolic, infection, and oncology and neuroscience diseases. Having partners all across the world, AstraZeneca has a wide global reach. The brief description of its profitability is discussed as follows: Profitability Ratios 2014 2013 2012 2011 Net Profit Margin 4.79% 12.71% 27.33% 36.82% Operating Profit Margin 8.19% 14.44% 29.13% 38.09% ROA (Return on Assets) 2.182% 5.971% 14.37% 23.81% Gross Profit Margin 77.61% 79.54% 78.46% 83.95% Table 2 Profitability Ratios of AstraZeneca from 2011 to 2014 The profits examined on each of the profitability ratio has been declining drastically such that the net profit margin declined from 36.8 2% in 2011 to 4.79% in 2014. However, it followed the same pattern in sales, revenue, and the assets converted into sales (Leuz 2012). Nevertheless, its earnings forecasts are depleting which may be not good for the company as the investor would not want to invest in a company fallowing a declining trend over the years. GlaxoSmithKline Plc It is a pharmaceutical company of British origin. It has its headquarter in London. It is also a multinational company. This company was established in the year 2000. GSK was the fifth largest pharmaceutical company in the year 2015 (Gsk.com 2016). The profitability of the company can be analysed on the help of ratios taken into consideration. Profitability Ratios 2014 2013 2012 2011 Net Profit Margin 11.98% 20.51% 17.27% 19.21% Operating Profit Margin 15.64% 26.52% 27.97% 28.51% ROA (Return on Assets) 6.662% 13.011% 11.059% 12.775% Gross Profit Margin 68.17% 67.61% 70.02% 73.23% Table 3 Profitability Ratios of GlaxoSmithKline from 2011 to 2014 The GlaxoSmithKline another non-financial company and of the competitors of AstraZeneca, even shows a declining trend just like its competitor. The ratios show declining trend but not on a drastic scale. The net profit margin of the company was 19.21% in 2011, which had come down to 11.98% in 2014. The trend is followed by conversion of assets into sales; costs of goods sold as well as rise in operating expenses. Investors Key Performance Indicator (KPI) Analysis on the Companies The key performance indicator (KPI) analysis of investor performance is measured to study the effectiveness of the organization against its objectives. However, choosing correct investor performance indicator is very essential for the organization as it is need to transfer business objectives to measured goals (Barth 2015). The organization is examined on the efficiency of each department for example; IPI useful for finance would be different from IPI useful for the sales department (Mahajan, Naurial and Singh 2014). These assessments very often tend to identify the potential improvements. Hence, performance indicators are often associated with initiatives forrevenue, cost and conversions (Krause and Arora 2010). The indicators that constitute important for investors to evaluate performance are given as: KPIs Formula Debt/Equity Ratio Total Liabilities/ Shareholder's Equity Current Ratio Current Assets/ Current Liabilities E.P.S (Earnings Per Share) Net Income- Preferred Dividends/Weighted Average Share Common Outstanding Shares Dividend Yield Annual Dividends per share/ Price per share Table 4 Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) AstraZeneca Plc The KPIs of AstraZeneca is essentially based on the reputation and government objectives involved in the key areas. The global quality team of this company is one of the largest company based on quality performance. However, the company ensures trends that are data driven as well as designs and delivers a powerful application on each manufacturing site (Baguley and Winter 2012). The company globally has achieved success because evaluating on KPIs factors and the performance can be shown with the help of ratios. KPIs 2014 2013 2012 2011 Debt/Equity Ratio 1.982541 1.403948 1.235613 1.2507669 Current Ratio 0.963474 1.266899 1.370064 1.492255 E.P.S 0.988915 2.215593 5.807296 8.8574578 Dividend Yield 8.699705 9.402283 9.625301 9.4117647 Table 5 KPIs of AstraZeneca from 2011 to 2014 Each KPI shows different level of indication in the organization. The leverage ratio shows that the debt in the organization is increasing from 1.25:1 to 1.98:1 in 2011 and 2014 respectively, which is surpassing the favorable debt position which is 1:1 (Bodie 2013). However, depicting that debt is accumulating. The current ratio is showing a falling trend depicting fall in current assets or the issue of not meeting its short-term debt. The two areas where the investor will have maximum attention would be E.P.S and Dividend Yield. The dividend yield of the remains consistent across all years but E.P.S has declined to larger extent constituting only 0.98% in 2014 against 8.85% in 2011. GlaxoSmithKline Plc GSK company is experiencing a shift in its cultural environment whether is relevant to leadership, people, partnership, process, business or customer results. The changes are mainly manifested due to the drive for change experienced by many organizations. However, in order to define the problem of its key indicators, The company has created a strategy for every group whether it is business partners, stakeholders, employees or society. The RD of GSK is creating a vital environment for sustaining competitive advantage (Mehmood 2012). KPIs 2014 2013 2012 2011 Debt/Equity Ratio 6.830429 4.387353 6.138554 4.114542 Current Ratio 1.104024 1.113329 0.991097 1.077082 E.P.S 1.146423 2.25 1.858713 2.092681 Dividend Yield 58.13953 49.68944 54.61255 51.19454 Table 6 KPIs of GlaxoSmithKline from 2011 to 2014 According to the Key Performance Indicators, the companys debt position is at its worst because of the accumulated long-term debt which has been increasing since 2011 and has reached to 6.83:1 in 2014. However, the current position of the company is considerably low depicting though it is able to pay off its short-term but still the debt burden is increasing on the company. However, the E.P.S value is fluctuating amongst the years but the dividend yield based on the share prices has increased due to change in its cultural environment (Ali, Sharif and Jan 2015). Comparison and Contrast of Profitability between the Companies AstraZeneca Plc and GlaxoSmithKline Plc said to be renown competitors are struggling on maintain profitability of the organizations. According to the annual reports of 2011 to 2014 in both the companies, generating profits had been as issue because the debt of the company is accumulating due non-financial company (Dunne 2015). On the other hand, the general profitability position of GSK shows a better trend than AstraZeneca. There was some downward trend also for GSK, but it was balanced by revue generating in the organization that helped in incurring less of operating expenses. However, the other factor that outlines the brief of this problem is the Crestor crunch faced by AstraZeneca which turned out to be expensive but helped in recovery of GSK (Ficenec 2016). According to the profitability, ratios depicted in Figure 1 (a), (b), (c) and (d) a comparison has been made between the companies. Figure 1 (a) Net Profit Margin of AstraZeneca Plc and GlaxoSmithKline Plc Figure 1 (c) Operating Profit Margin of AstraZeneca Plc and GlaxoSmithKline Plc Figure 1 (d) ROA of AstraZeneca Plc and GlaxoSmithKline Plc However, after comparing the data, the investor should invest in GlaxoSmithKline as the profit margins of the company are better than AstraZeneca Plc. Moreover, the company shows a decreasing trend depicting decrease in revenue and sales of the company from 2011 to 2014. Comparison and Contrast of Key Performance Indicators between the Companies The investors performance ratio has been assumed to be dependent on the leverage ratio, liquidity ratio, valuation ratio and profit margin for both the companies (Delen, Kuzey and Uyar 2013). However, when investigated on investor performance debt, earning per share and dividend given to the shareholders gives an idea to the investor regarding the organizations functionality. Nevertheless, both the companies show a high ratio on long-term as well as short-term debt. Thus, the companies had a decreasing rate of return on assets from the period of 2011 to 2014. Hence, the position relating to the investment performance is almost same for both GSK and AstraZeneca. Therefore, the analysis for investors investment wants to deal with debt on the first followed by dividend yield (Damodaran 2012). Conversely, if the debts grow on increasing in accompany, the profitability as well as dividend payout and yield will too get affected. This makes it vital for the management to assess the situatio n and take necessary measures for rectification (Bhattacharyya 2012). According to the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), ratios depicted in Figure 2, 3, 4 and Figure 5, a comparison has been made between the companies. Figure 2 Solvency position of AstraZeneca Plc and GlaxoSmithKline Plc Figure 4 Earnings per share of AstraZeneca Plc and GlaxoSmithKline Plc Figure 5 Dividend Yields of AstraZeneca Plc and GlaxoSmithKline Plc However, after comparing on the key performance indicators current ratio, debt-to-equity ratio, EPS and Dividend yield. It can be said that though the GlaxoSmithKline Plcs indicators are declining from 2011 but the company has been showing a consistency. Nevertheless, AstraZeneca Plc has fallen drastically as a result no investor would be interested to invest in the company. Conclusion The assignment can be summarized based on the investment to take place. The profitability and Key Performance Indicators are the basic factors that help the investor to carry out investment practices in the organization. However, the assignment deals with these factors to be assessed on AstraZeneca Plc and GlaxoSmithKline Plc, the two British organizations that are based on profitability Pharmaceutical organizations. The result based on profitability highlighted that the organizations are facing a decreasing trend due to the changes in the current environment. Nevertheless, on profitability factor, the investor will invest in GSK. On the other hand, on KPIs, the investor will invest in AstraZeneca Plc. Recommendations It is highly recommended for the management of both the companies to assess the general pharmaceutical market relating to cultural changes in the environment relating to their sphere of activity and efficiently identifying the reasons for poor market performance. Consequently, changing environment will give investors a warning regarding the investment in the pharmaceutical company. Moreover, both the companies are undervalued and are working flat to return to growth. According to the investment criteria, investment in pharmaceutical sector, especially in these two countries show the traits of classic contrarian value investments. However, it is advised that when one of the companies undertakes RD, then that is the time investor should think of investment. Nevertheless, AstraZeneca Plc and GlaxoSmithKline Plc is trying hard, but as per internal and external factors, AstraZeneca GlaxoSmithKline is performing better and AstraZenecas Competitor is taking the lead. However, Glaxo has 258 products, which are under development and will be marketed by 2020 whereas Astra has 222 new products and expects to be marketed by 2018. Both the companies are in competition and are expected to grow together with a close-knit competition (Hargreaves 2015). The investors are advocated to see other factors as well before investment. References Ali, A., Sharif, I. and Jan, F.A., 2015. Effect of Dividend Policy on Stock Prices.Journal Of Management Info,6(1), pp.55-85 Astrazeneca.co.uk. 2016.AstraZeneca Home. Available at: https://www.astrazeneca.co.uk/ [Accessed 21 Mar. 2016] Baguley, M.J. and Winter, M.J.E. eds., 2012.Outsourcing clinical development: strategies for working with CROs and other partners. Gower Publishing, Ltd.. Barth, M.E., 2015. Financial Accounting Research, Practice, and Financial Accountability.Abacus,51(4), pp.499-510. Bhattacharyya, A.K., 2012.Financial Accounting for business managers. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Bodie, Z., 2013.Investments. McGraw-Hill. Damodaran, A., 2012.Investment valuation: Tools and techniques for determining the value of any asset(Vol. 666). John Wiley Sons. Delen, D., Kuzey, C. and Uyar, A., 2013. Measuring firm performance using financial ratios: A decision tree approach.Expert Systems with Applications,40(10), pp.3970-3983. Dunne, N., 2015.Competition Law and Economic Regulation. Cambridge University Press. Ficenec, J. 2016.Questor share tip: AstraZeneca faces Crestor crunch in year ahead. Telegraph.co.uk. Available from: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/markets/questor/12141816/Questor-share-tip-AstraZeneca-faces-Crestor-crunch-in-year-ahead.html [Accessed 21 Mar. 2016]. Grant, R.M., 2015.Contemporary Strategy Analysis 9e Text Only. John Wiley Sons. Gsk.com. 2016.Home | GSK. Available at: https://www.gsk.com/ [Accessed 21 Mar. 2016]. Hargreaves, R. 2015.Why GlaxoSmithKline plc And AstraZeneca plc Are The Best Bargains In The FTSE 100! | The Motley Fool UK. Fool.co.uk. Available at: https://www.fool.co.uk/investing/2015/10/21/why-glaxosmithkline-plc-and-astrazeneca-plc-are-the-best-bargains-in-the-ftse-100/ [Accessed 21 Mar. 2016]. Krause, H. and Arora, D., 2010. Key Performance Indicators. Leuz, C., 2012. Empirical Research on Financial Reporting, Disclosure Capital Market Regulation.Journal of Accounting Research,38, pp.91-124. MAHAJAN, V., Nauriyal, D.K. and Singh, S.P., 2014. Efficiency and Ranking of Indian Pharmaceutical Industry: Does Type of Ownership Matter?.Eurasian Journal of Business and Economics,7(14), pp.29-50. Mehmood, F., 2012. Growth by Merger-A long-term analysis of GlaxoSmithKline. Warren, C., Reeve, J. and Duchac, J., 2013.Corporate financial accounting.

Which areas of knowledge are affected by doubts Essay Example

Which areas of knowledge are affected by doubts? Paper For Example, Galileo Galilei had proven a false of thinking that was produced by religion. He had proven that the earth orbits the sun. He could have made a major role in the scientific revolution with the heliocentric theory. This theory was not accepted because people had believed the Ptolemaic theory at that time. Galileo Galilei could have died because he had assisted heliocentric theory. It is now proven that Galileo Galilei was right but it was denied from religion. Later, it was proven by other person again and heliocentric theory could be said as a true theory. Strong belief in early centuries kept away the scientific revolution in finding knowledge. Also, for many years, there have been lots of debates of creation and evolution. The debates are about recurring theological and cultural-political dispute about the origins of the earth, humanity, life, and the universe. Before evolution theory was made, people all believed in god created human and places for them, also universe including the earth. Charles Robert Darwin is the main scientist who had doubt in creation and thought of evolution. He proved in scientific way and it could be believed by people surpassing belief in religion. We will write a custom essay sample on Which areas of knowledge are affected by doubts? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Which areas of knowledge are affected by doubts? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Which areas of knowledge are affected by doubts? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer So biology developed based on doubt and achieved lots of biological prove. There would be lots of belief but the most powerful belief was religion. This had suppressed people to doubt about religion. Wrong belief had made some developments which could have be wrong but progressive. Like this, unproven theory had appeared a lot from religion. However, as shown from the examples above, doubting created new knowledge towards science. Moving into history, there are two types of history. Which are finding past and re-analysis of the past. History in TOK is only re-analysis past. Re-interpreting history is seeking for coherence of reason and background of history. In this process, people can have different opinions of history as people see history by different point of views. So re-analysis history is not objective but subjective. It is simply said to analysis how and why the history had happened subjectively. History is thinking of chronology in terms of coherent. If we relate history with our own thinking then even the same history is given, a lot of different views could be gained by people. It could be different by ethnic group, countries, education, disparity of ages, and a position in them. Lots of things could be a reason that they could have different point of views in history. If no one was interested in distorted history, then there would be wrong historical truth. As people have their own thinking, therefore they doubt in historical truths. I leant history of Korea before; the memorable history in which I leant was about Korea and Japan, when they were middle of World War 2. Everything in Korea had been ruined and destroyed by Japan to maximize their own benefit but not for Koreans. In my opinion, Japan was wrong in their actions and also they have caused World War 2, also, sacrificed Koreans for their own benefit. Most of people think that Japan was wrong, but the opinion of this history can be different to some others. Maybe some people in Japan could have opposite thoughts towards my opinion. Japan is now slowly sinking into the ocean and they had only one choice to overcome, which was conquering other countries. It could be reason for Japan why they caused WW2. Like this, re-analysing history could be different to each other due to some factors. On the other hand, the Persian proverb Doubt is the key to knowledge is not valid in the developments in technology. When we compare technology with natural science, technology does not have beliefs in certain aspects nor needing to doubt if what said in the previous was true or not. Technology is change of paradigm. Here is the graph of development in technology. Just to make sure, this graph is not drawn in scale. See these parts where the lines are not connected to each other, these are called paradigm. The technology we use and the technological skills we have are not developed by doubts. For example, in the olden days, TV was in black and white. The process between having black and white and inventing colour TV was not created by doubt. John Logie Baird who invented colour TV did not doubt in invention of black and white TV to invent colour TV. It was just the process of new invention but this is not due to any doubts. Finally I conclude my presentation. Even though this counterclaim argues that the doubt is not the key to knowledge, however, I believe that doubt does act as a key to knowledge. I think that if someone was to prove something wrong, then doubting about something will be the first step needed. As you wont know if something is wrong or not, without any doubts of right or wrong.